Calculating-machine.



No. 773,632. I PATENTED NOV. 1,1904. E. S. ENSIGN.

CALCULATING MACHINE.

APPLICATION I'ILED JUNE 24.1904.

6 SHEETS-SHEET l.

- N0 MODEL.

5: 25: 2? Lwemr': Z'znor Slims dig/5M WM Wkly Nd. 773,632. PATENTED NOV.1, 1904.

E. S. ENSIGN. CALCULATING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 24.1904. N0 MODEL. a SHEETS-SHEET 2.

Winsscs: LlUEIitOIZ Nam/2 9A Z'znory SIM/sign, 7yWWJQW r/ -(ZMQ% .iily.

Np. 773,632. PATENTED NOV. 1, 1904.

E. S. ENSIGN.

CALCULATING MACHINE.

APPLICATION TILED JUNE 24.1904. N0 MODEL. 6 SHEETS-SHEET 3 vmmww; Inventer Z'uiory Sl'nselqn,

PATENTED NOV. 1, 1904.

E. S. ENSIGN.

CALCULATING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 24.1904.

a SHEETS-SHEET 4.

N0 MODEL.

Wibwsscs Inventor: Emurydlmclqn, 0W6 M a, avzom.

PATENTED NOV. 1, 1904:.

E. vS. ENSIGN. GALGULATINGMAOHINE.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 24.1904.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 5.

N0 MODEL.

Wiimsses Inventor Ezmry J I No. 773,682. PATENTED NOV. 1, 1904.

Q E. S. ENSIGN.

CALCULATING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED mm: 24.1904; no MODEL. esnizmssnm e.

minesses I Lweidor: A W,& "l'nwry 45'. [may]; W 1/ @QA Jilly.

No.7'73,632. PQU GIItGQLNOVGIYLbGI 1, 1904.

I UNITED STATES PATENT Orrics.

EMORY S. ENSIGN, OF BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNOR OF ONE-HALF TOFREDERICK R. HARDENBERGH, OF BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS.

CALCULATING-MACHINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 773,632, dated November1, 190 1.. Application filed June '24, 1904. Serial-No. 213,985.(Nomodelfl T "17mm it y W 061%: ing such preferred construction, and thefea- Be it known that I, EMORY S. ENSIGN, a citi' tures forming theinvention will then be spezen of the United States, residing at Boston,cifically pointed out in the claims.

in the county of Suffolk and State of Massa- In the accompanyingdrawings, Figure 1 is 5 chusetts, have invented certain new and useful afront elevation of a calculating-machine Improvements in Calculating-Machines, of constructed in accordance with my invention. 5 5 which thefollowing is a specification, refer- Fig. 2 is a front elevation, partlyin section, ence being had therein to the accompanying of my inventionwith the cover or front casdrawings. ing removed. Fig; 3 is a sideelevation on Io My invention relates to certain improvethe line 3 3 ofFig. 2. Fig. I is a side elevaments in calculating-machines adapted tothe tion on the line I 4 of Fig. 2. Fig. 5 is a performanceof variousarithmetical processes, front sectional View of part of theindicatingparticularly multiplication, and has for its meter. 5 Fig. 6is a side sectional view of part 7 principal object to constructamachineof simof the indicating-meter on line 6 6 of Fig. 5

I5 ple construction, accurate in results, and easy and also showing oneof the arms connecting of manipulation by means-of which a column theindicating-meter to the driving-shaft. or columns of figures may beadded together Fig. 7 is a sectional View of part of the indior one setof figures multiplied by another set eating-meter on the line 7 7 ofFig. 5. Fig. and in which one set of keys are depressed 8 is a frontsectional View of the multiplier- 0 for the multiplicand and another setdepressed indicator. Fig. 9 is a side sectional view on for themultiplier, the product showing on the line 9 9 of Fig. 8. Fig. 10 is atop secone indicating-meter and the multiplier showtional view on theline 10 10 of Fig. 2. Fig. ing on another indicator. 11 is a rearsectional view on the line 11 ll of One object of the invention is toprovide Fig. 10. Fig. 12 is a side elevation, partly 2 5 an improvedmechanism for transmitting the in section, on the line 12 12 of Fig. 10.Fig.

movement of the finger or character keys to 13 is an enlarged View ofpart of the mechanthe indicating mechanism, whereby all of the ism shownin dotted lines in Fig. 3. Figs. keys may receive precisely the samedegree 3, 4, 6, 9, 1O, 12, and 13 are views from the of downwardmovement without regard to right of the machine on the lines aforemen- 3the values which they represent, while the tionedinthedirectionindicated bythe arrows.

efl'ective movement transmitted to the indicat- Latitude is allowedherein as to details, as r ing mechanism will be proportioned to thethey may be changed or varied at will withvalue represented by each key.out departing from the spirit of my invention A still further object ofthe invention is to and the same yet remain intact and be pro- 35provide forthe return operation of all of the tected.

finger-keys by a single operating-lever after Corresponding and likeparts are referred 8 5 the indicating devices have been moved to the toin the following description and indicated desired position by thefinger-keys. in all the views of the drawings by the same The inventionconsists in the combination reference characters.

40 of elements and in certain parts of novel con- The machine forconvenience may be distructi'on entailed in the combination of saidvided into a number of sections comprising 0 elements to obtain thedesired result. First. A finger-key mechanism for operat- A fullunderstanding of my invention can ing or throwing out of their normalcondition best be given by a detailed description of a a number ofseries of disks to which they are 45 preferred construction embodyingthe various attached, which are used in both addition and features of myinvention, and such a descripmultiplication and in multiplicationindicate tion will now be given in connection with the the multiplicand.These keys for convenience accompanying drawings, and I obtain my obwillbe called the primary keys. ject by the mechanism there illustrated,show- Second. An indicating-meter which is independent of the primarykeys for showing the figures as they are added and indicating the finalsum in addition and indicating the product in multiplication, but whichfor convenience will be designated in the following specification andclaims as the meter.

Third. A finger-key mechanism for operating or throwing out of theirnormal condition a series of levers to which they are attached, one ofwhich levers is used in addition and all of which levers may be used inmultiplication, as this finger-key mechanism is operated to make themultiplier, these levers being used to allow the indicating-meter tooperate and to limit its motion and for convenience will be designatedthe operatinglevers, while this series of finger-keys will be called thesecondary keys.

Fourth. An indicator operable from the indicating-meter for showing thenumber of figures in the column added or showing the multiplier inmultiplication for purposes as hereinafter stated.

The primary keys and their disks comprise in general a number of seriesof disks, each series having nine disks, andl have preferably shown inmy drawings live series, although the machine may be built with anynumber of series, and in the machine as shown figures up to and in tenthousands may be added with live series, and a multiplicand of not overfive figurcsfor example, 28,003may be multiplied by a multiplier of notover five figures-for example, 31,563*- and the product, which in thisexample will be 886,378,959, will be indicated or shown upon the meter,while the multiplier 31,563 will be shown upon the indicator in inverseorder, and the multiplicand will readily be seen by looking at theprimary keys. It will thus be seen that the machine by being increasedin size can add columns or multiply figures of any amount.

The series of disks commencing at the right, as shown in Fig. 1, areunits, tens, hundreds, thousands, and ten thousands, and commencing atthe top of each series of primary keys and going toward the bottom thekeys are numbered, respectively, 1, 2, 3, 1, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9. These disksare cut away at the top, as clearly shown in Fig. t and as is also shownin Fig. 3, and have on their inner edge one or more teeth or lugs. Forexample, the disk of key 1 of each series is provided with one tooth,the disk of key 2 of each series with two teeth, the disk of key 3 ofeach series with three teeth, and so on, and the teeth or lugs are soarranged that each one will be in driving contact when displaced out ofnormal position by the pressure down upon its respective key, to be metby the meter when it is revolved with the driving-shaft, which meter isarranged to be revolved around the inside of these disks and to beoperable by the teeth of these disks.

the base for a small case or box The multiplying mechanism, which issituated on the right of the machine, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2,consists of one series of operating-levers, nine in number, each leverbeing provided with a finger-key, these finger-keys being called thesecondary keys, the downward movement of each lever being less than thedownward movement of the lever on its left and the movement effected bythe nine keys singly corresponding to the numerals 2 7: 7 S, and 9 andthese secondary keys having the lowest numeral 1 on the upper key forthe lever to the extreme right, as shown in Fig. 3 of the drawings.

The casing of the machine preferably consists of a bottom part or base16, having an upward-extending front part 17, designated as the cover,which is slanted or inclined upward from the base slightly to the rearand is of that design preferably shown in Fig. 1. The rear 18 of thecasing is semicircular, extending upward in the shape of a hood and itshighest part being at a height slightly higher than the upper edge ofthe cover and will be hereinafter called the hood. On each end of themachine is an end side or wall connecting the cover, base, and hood, theside to the right being numbered 19 and the side to the left 20. Thebase extends slightly to the left beyond the left end side 20 and forms22, in which are inclosed part of the driving mechanism, as shown inFigs. 1 and 2. This box 22 at the end consists of the front side 21, endside 23, and rear side 25, extending upward from the base 16 andprovided with a top side 24. The cover or front side 17 has an elongatedslot or groove 26 extending from top to bottom slightly to the left,through which the shanks 27 of the secondary keys extend. To the leftand nearly in the center of the cover are a series of elongated slots orgrooves 28, through which extend the shanks 29 of the primary keys.These slots extend from top to bottom slightly to the left parallel witheach other and nearly parallel with the slot 26 of the secondary keys,each slot having a straight left side but having its right side providedwith a series of inward-extending teeth or projections 30, forming aseries of seats, one for each shank and in which the shank 29 of theprimary keys 32 may be seated or locked when pressed down. In eachcorner of the front face are slots 33, through which extend pins orscrews 3 L, as clearly shown in Fig. 1. The ones on the right areinserted or screwed into plates 159, extending inward from the side 19,and those on the left are inserted or screwed into the plates 159,extending inward from the side 20. The cover 17 is also provided with aslot 35, (see Fig. 1,) through which is inserted a screw 36 of thereleasing lever 37, which screw is inserted into the plate 14:,projecting inward from the side 19. Above this screw 36 and made a partof the lever 87 is an in wardly-projecting stud 38, working in a slot39,so that when the lever 37 is pressed down it moves the front plate orcover 17 from the left to the right and releases the shanks of theprimary keys, which have been pushed downward from their seats, andallows them to return to their normal positions. It will be readily seenby examining Fig. 1 that the slots 26, 28, 33, and 35 will have to bewide enough from left to right to allow the cover 17 to be thrown overby the lever 37 sufiiciently to withdraw the teeth 30 from off theshanks 29. The weight of the disks naturally carrries back the primarykeys 32 to their normal position; but a spring 158 may be attached tothe upper part of each shank 27, having its other end attached by a hookor other means to the cover 17 to insure the full return of the primarykeys. The secondary keys are not held down in this manner, but arereturned to their normal position in a new and novel manner, which willbe hereinafter explained.

The levers 112 can be seen through the elongated slot 26, and the disks86.can be seen through the slots 28. The space between the edge of thehood 18 and the top of the cover 17 allows of the cleaning of the meterand teeth of the disks, also of the resetting of the numeral-wheels andits shaft to their normal position; but,if desired,the shaft andnumeralwheels could be reset from without the casing and glass extendedfrom the edge of the hood to the .top of the cover, as is readilyunderstood without further illustration. The line of vision is downwardat an angle of about forty-five degrees looking down upon the machinefrom the front, so that one looking at the machine from the front wouldbe unable to see the numerals upon most of the numeralwheels of themeter, (see Fig. 1,) although the numerals upon the indicator 96 can beseen. j 1 will now explain the working of the primary keys and theirdisks.

Each set or series of disks consists of nine separate and independentdisks, and each set is incased or held between two side plates 91, andon the outside of and between each series of disks86 and their sideplates91 are plates or side walls 85, which, may be fastened together bya series of screws or any other suitable holding means. Each series ofdisks 86 and their side plates 91 are held against the right side wall85 by a suitable spring 93. (See Figs. 2 and 3.) The series of disks onthe right, which are the units-disks, are operated by the right row ofprimary finger-keys 32, which are shown as bearings the numerals 1 to 9,and the keys should offer but little resistance to the depressivemovement in order not to tax the strength of the operator, and each keywithout respect to the value represented receives the same degree ofdownward movement. Thedisks operated by this first row of keys shaft 44.Each of the teeth 90 have a circular part 163 and a flat portion 16 1.The first disk 86 to the right carries a tooth consisting of a circularpart of about one-quarter of a circle and a flat portion 16 1,,below thesection of the circle, and if the primary key bearing the numeral 1 waspressed down and its shank 29 locked in the corresponding scat 30 andthen the meter 64 allowed to revolve once by the pressing down of thesecondary key bearingthe numeral 1 the numeral-wheel to the extremeright of the meter, which is the units numeral-wheel, would be turnedonetenth of its circumference upon its numeralwheel shaft by. one of itsteeth 65 meshing with this first tooth, and this first numeralwheelwould show the numeral 1 instead of the numeral 0 just above the line ofthe hood when looking down upon the meter, as hereinbefore explained. Ifinstead of pressing down the secondary key 81, bearing the numeral 1,the secondary key, bearthe numeral 2, had been pushed down as far as itwould go, the meter would have been revolved on its shaft twice bymechanism that will be hereinafter fully explained, and the numeral 2would show on the first numeral-wheel just above the hood 60 of themeter, as this first numeral-wheel would have been revolved twice. Ifthe primary key of this first series or units-disks, bearing the numeral2, had been pushed down, the second disk would have been pushed out ofits normal position, and this disk has two teeth, the first formed by aquarter of a circle and the second a semicircle with a fiat piece 164between the two circular parts and a fiat piece following the secondcircular part. These circular parts form seats for receiving the knobsor teeth of the indicator-wheel, and these knobs 65 meshing with theteeth 90 the wheels are readily turned the desired amount. The upperdotted lines of Fig. 4: show the three teeth thrown out by pushing downthe primary key of the first set, bearing the nu meral 3. In Fig. 4c theteeth of the second set of disks, which are the disks for thetens-column, are indicated by the numeral 172. Its numeral 173 indicatesthose belonging to the hundreds, the numeral 174 those of the thousands,and the numeral 175 indicates the teeth used in obtaining the tenthousands. In other words, the teeth 90 of the upper forward set 175 ofthe disks 86 will ordinarily revolve the fifth indicator-wheel when themeteris revolved around the inside of these disks. The units set ofdisks (indicated by the numeral 171) have slots 161 and 165, throughwhich project pins or studs 162 and 166 for limiting the outward andinward movements IOC -the arrangement of the pins and their slots ofeach series will be different, but will be substantially as shown inFig. 3. Springs 93 on the left of each series of disks separate thedisks and keep them close to the side wall 85 on their right except whena portion of the disk is inclined forward to bring the teeth of the diskin operableposition with the teeth of the indicating-wheels of the meteras it is revolve l, with its swinging arms upon the drivingshaft. Thedisk is moved toward the left and presses the spring against the leftside wall 85, and when the shanks 29 are released from the teeth ornotches 30 the springs press the disks toward the right side wall backto their initial positions. These side walls can be fastened within thecasing in any suitable manner. It will be seen that as the meter 64 isrevolved it reaches, first, the teeth of the units-disks, next, theteeth of the tens-disks, and so on, for the purpose hereinafterexplained.

In the box 22 at the left end is arranged a spring-drum 41, journaled ona shaft 39, which has its bearings in the side 20 of the main casing andside 23 of the box. Arranged within the drum 41 for revolving thedriving-shaft 44 in one direction is a spiral spring 15, having one endsecured to the inner circular wall of the drum 41 and its other endsecured to the shaft 39; but I have not illustrated this spiral springsconnection with the drum nor the ratchet and pawl used in connectionwith it, by which the spring can be wound or tightened up withoutturning the gear 40, as the use of the same is quite common incalculating-machines, and any other kind of a spring giving drivingpower to the drum may be used, if desired. On the outer side of the boxthis shaft 39 carries a grooved knob 42 for rewinding the spring withinthe drum. As the meter is turned with the driving-shaft 44 around theinside of the disks nine times when the secondary key bearing thenumeral 9 is depressed, it is necessary that the spring be effective tothe extent of turning the driving-shaft and its meter at least nine fullrevolutions without rewinding.

The shaft 44 extends beyond the side wall and into the box 22 above thegear and carries on its outer end a pinion 43, having its teeth in meshwith the gear 40, which gear 40 is on the shaft 39, and by this meansthe shaft 44 receives driving power and is revolved, with the meter,around the inner side of the disks 86. This shaft 44 is journaled in theside 20 and plate 45 and is the drivingshaft for the indicating-meter,the meter be ing idle during the downward movement of the primary keys,but which is revolved upon this shaft around the inner side of the disks86 after the primary keys have been depressed, so that the teeth orknobs of the indicator-wheels of the meter are engaged and turned by theteeth or lugs of the disks 86 when they are projected inward, and themeter is thus turned as desired.

A carriage or cylinder 46, horizontally slidable upon the shaft 44 andkeyed in any suitable manner, as shown in Figs. 2, 4, and 6, carries thetwo upward-projecting arms 57 and 58, in which arms is journaled theshaft 61 of the numeral-wheels of the meter 64, which shaft forconvenience will be called the ni'mieral-wheel shaft. The arm 57, whichis at the extreme right of the meter, has above the numeral-wheel shaft61 a cam-shaped back 62, forming at its upper end a pointer or tooth 63,which is adapted to come in contact with the teeth 101 of theratchet-wheels 100 for the purpose as will be hereinafter explained.

The arm 58, which extends upward from the cylinder 46 at its left, ispreferably of the shape shown in Fig. 2, extending vertically upwardfrom the cylinder and then at an angle toward the left to the extremeleft end of the meter. Between the arms57 and 58 is a plate or platform59, which has a guard or hood 60 attached to its forward side by screws67. This guard extends upward, being almost semicircular, and protectsthe forward portion of the meter, so that in looking down upon themachine from the line of vision the desired number to be shown will beseen just above the upper line of the hood.

Slidable upon the shaft 44 to the left of the cylinder 46 and secured toor formed integral with it is the drum 47, having a series of rims 48,and in the drawings I have preferably shown four of these rims, whichwill allow of a multiplicand being multiplied by a multiplierin the tenthousands. (See Figs. Qand 4.)

Attached by screws or other means to the inner side of the side wall 20is a bracket 49, having a stud-pin 54 atits outer end carrying a lever51, having a downward-projectinglinger in mesh with the upper right sideof one of the rims 48 of the cylinder 47, and this tooth 55 is held incontact with the rim 48 by a spring 52, attached to the bracket 49 bythe screw 53. This lever also carries immediatel y forward of the stud54 and between this stud and the finger 55 acircular plate or ring 56,so that when the handle of the lever 51, which extends without the case,is pressed downward and the tooth 55 is raised out of contact with therim 48, which it was holding,

the plate 56 will come against the drum 47 and the next rim 48 to itsleft and hold the drum 47 and the cylinder 36 from further movement tothe right, and when the lever 51 is released thespring 52 presses thefinger 55 and the plate 56 downward, and the drum 47 will move slightlyto the right until the rim 48, which had been held by the plate 56,comes against the finger 55. It will be thus seen that with thisarrangement the drum 47 and cylinder 46 can only move the distancebetween two rims with one downward movement of the lever, and that inorder to move the drum 47 (shown in Fig. 2) from left to right it willbe necessary to press the lever down four times. As the drum 47 isallowed to move to the right it carries the cylinder 46, for apurposehereinafterexplained. As there are only four rims upon the drum47, a buffer or stop-pin 168 is placed at the proper distance upon theshaft 44, so that the finger 63 will just come in contact with the tooth101 of the ratchet 100 at the extreme right when it is desired tomultiply with a multiplier in the ten thousands; but this buffer orstop-pin can be dispensed with if another rim 48 is placed at theextremeleftend of the drum 47.

The shaft 61, which is journaled in the arms 57 and 58, carries a knob71 on its right end for turning the indicator-wheels of the meter backto their original position, and pressure to the left on this knob willalso carry the meter, cylinder 46, and drum 47 back to their normalposition. As they are pushed back by pressure toward the left upon thisknob 71 the finger 55 slides up over the slanting side of the rims 48,as shown in Fig. 2.

The numeral or indicator wheels of the meter 64 are loosely mounted onthe numeralwheel shaft 61, and between the indicatorwheel to the extremeright and the arm 57 is a hub or buffer 80 for preventing this wheel onthe right from coming in contact with the arm 57. These indicator-wheelseach carry a series of circular teeth or knobs 65, preferably ten innumber, and between these knobs or teeth 65 are spaces 66, on whichthemathematical symbols 0, 1, 2, 3,'4, "5, 6,? 7, 8, 9, are marked, andwhen the indicator-wheels of the meter are in their normal-positions thenaughts would show just above the hood 60 when looking down upon themeter from the line of vision. These indicator-wheels turn from right toleft when engaged by the teeth90 of the disks 86, and the next numberthat would show would be the numeral 1 and the next 2, and so on.

To the platform 59 is an upward-extending spring-catch or pawl69,'attached by a screw 72 on the forward part of the platform, of adesign, as preferably shown in Fig. 6, having its free end resting uponthe rear of the platform, but havinga seat engaging the lower knob ortooth 65 and holding these indicatorwheels in position, but offering butslight resistance to the movement of the meter in either direction, andwhich when the meter is revolved around the disks 86 and the teeth 65come in contact with the teeth 90 of the disks 86 allowstheindicator-wheelsof the meter to be easily revolved on the shaft 61.Between each of the indicator-wheels 64 of the meter and held by screws68 is an upward-extending plate or bracket 81, which has journaled in itnear its upper end and between the indicator-wheels the studs 78, whichproject outward from each side of the plate. 81dand carry four-tootheddogs on each of its en s.

The mechanism used for transferring from a lower to a higher disk duringaddition or multiplication is as follows: In the inner left side of eachindicator-wheel, with the exception of the wheel to the extreme left ofthe meter, is a circular plate 82, having two inwardly-extending teeth83, and in the right -side of each indicator-wheel, with the exceptionof the wheel to the extreme right, is a circular plate 77, having aseries of twenty inwardly-extending teeth 84, and these teeth 84 areengaged by the four teeth of the dog 79 on the left of the plate 81,while the opposite dog 79 engages the two teeth 83. Fig. 7 shows a viewof one of the indicator-wheels looking from the left and Fig. 6 a viewof one of the indicator-wheels looking from the right, illustrating theconstruction of the mechanism for transferring the movement of one diskto the next succeeding disk, as from a unit to a tens diskor from a tensto a hun dreds disk, and so on.

In elongated slots within the shaft 61, beneath each hub of theindicator-wheels and attached by screws 7 3, is an upward-extendingspring 74, carrying on its upper edge a plate or pawl 75, which is incontact with the hub of the indicator-wheel, but through theWheels-extend openings 108,'so that when the wheels are in normalposition the pawl 75 extends upward therein and holds them all in theirnormal position. These pawls have cam-shaped backs 76, so that when theshaft 61 is turned from right to left by the knob or thumb piece 71. thepawls 75 are turned around within the wheels 64 untilthey strike theopening 108. Coming in contact therewith the wheels are returned totheir normal position, and it will thus be seen that all of the wheelscan be turned evenly.

Somewhat above the meter and at a suitable point at the right in therear of the machine is a stud 94, which is journaled in the side 19 andcarries on the outside of the plate 19 a knob or thumb-piece 95,preferably screwed thereon, for turning the same. This stud 94 carries aseries of wheels 104 and a separating-hub 106, which are turnedwithin ahollow cylinder 96. The cylinder 96 has afiange 102-, which is attachedto the side 19, and this cylinder is provided on its upper forward sidewith a series of five horizontal openings 110, l which shanks carry attheir inner end levers through which are seen the numerals on the fiatportion or face 109 of the wheels 104. These wheels are preferably fivein number, and on the right side of each wheel 104 is carried a ratchet100, having a series of teeth 101, with which the tooth 63 of the arm 57comes in contact for positively turning the ratchets and connectedwheels for indicating the number by which the primary number ismultiplied.

hen the shaft 44 is in its extreme left position and the number, forexample, 8003 is multiplied by a unit-number, for example, 5, thesecondary key bearing the numeral 5 will be pushed down, carrying itslever down, and the pressing down of this lever will release, as laterexplained, the shaft 44, which is carried around five times by thespring in the drum 41, carrying with it the meter 64 and its arm 57. Thepoint 63 of the arm 57 therefor comes in contact five times with teethof the first ratchet, (the ratchet to the left,) turning it justone-half around from right to left and exposing the numeral 5 throughthe opening 110 at the left. If instead the multiplier was 45, thenafter the multiplicand 8003 had been multiplied by the 5 the numberwould be multiplied by the 40, which would be obtained by first pressingdown the lever,51 once and then pressing down the secondary key bearingthe numeral 4, and the meter would be revolved around the inner sides ofthe disks four times, and each time the point 63 would turn the secondratchet one-tenth of its distance, so that on the fourth revolution thesecond wheel of the indicator would show upon its face, which is seenthrough the visual opening 110. the numeral 4, and this indicator wouldthen read from left to right 54, which is the multiplier in inverseorder. The meter having been moved one space toward the right it isreadily seen that the teeth of the raised units-disks strike the secondindicator-wheel of the meter and revolve it. Three teeth being thrownout and the meter revolved four times, it is readily seen that theresult would be theproduct of 3 X or 120, and so on.

In elongated slots or grooves 98 in the shaft 94 is carried a spring 97,fastened thereto by suitable means, which spring presses outward a plateor pawl 99, which comes in contact with the hub of the wheel 104, andwhen in normal position is seated or pressed within a slot 107, whichextends through the wheels, so that as the shaft 94 is turned from leftto right by the knob 95 all of these disks can be simultaneously andinstantly returned to their normal position. In the lower part of thecylinder 96 and between each disk is an opening 108, allowing the tooth63 to come in contact with a tooth 101 of the ratchet 100.

On the right of the machine are the second ary finger-keys 31, attachedto the shanks 27,

112, adapted to be allowed to be imparted different degrees of rotativemovement to the driving-shaft, according to the designating-numeralsfrom 1 to 9 upon the several secondary keys, ranging from top to bottom,and thelevers are pivoted onastud-pin 167. These levers are so shaped,as clearly shown in Fig. 3, that when the finger-keys 31 have pressedthem downward their lower and rear sides will not come in contact withthe base 16 or the hood 18. These levers have each a slotted opening118, through which extends a stud 113, carrying a gear 114, which studis journaled in the arm 125 of the plate 45. The upper side of theopening 118 of the lever 112 is provided with a series ofdownward-extending teeth 119, which comein driving contact with theteeth 115 of the gear 114 when the lever112 is pushed downward bypressure upon the secondary key 31. Upon the stud 113 and between thegear 114and the plate is attached a gear 116, having its teeth 117 inmesh with the teeth of the gear 152, which gear is loosely mounted uponthe shaft 44. Through the lovers alsoextend elongated slots 121, whichslots are below the opening 118, and through these slots 121 extend apin 120. The lever 112, which is designated on the secondary finger-keyby the numeral 1, and which ley er is to the extreme right, has thesmallest of the openings 121, while the next lever which is attached tothe secondary finger-key designated 2 has its opening 121 half as longagain as shown by numeral 122 in Fig. 3, and each lever to the leftisslightly longer than the one to the right, as clearly shown in Fig. 3 bydotted lines, so that each lever can be pushed slightly farther downthan the preceding one to its right. each of these levers 112 is anotherelongated opening 126, which is almost at the extreme farther end of thelevers. This opening 126 has a tooth 128, which comes in contact whenthe plate 112 is pressed downward with the bar 132, moving the bar 132backward in the opening 131. Each of theselevers 112, commencing withthe lever at the right and going to the left, has the tooth 128 slightlyhigher than the tooth of the preceding lever to the right. For example,the point of contact of the lever 112, operated by the secondaryfinger-key bearing the numeral 2, is at the point indicated at Fig. 3 bythe numeral 129, while the ninth lever 112has its point of contact whenpressed downward at the pointdesignated by the numeral 130. Extendingwithin the opening 126 each lever 112 has a detent 127, and thesedetents are all parallel with each other, so that when each lever 112 isreturned to position this detent 127 comes in contact with the bar 132,pressing it forward to its normal position. As each lever 112 is presseddown the point of the detent 127 has cleared the rear end of the bar 132before the Also in IIS tooth 128 pushes back on the forward end of thebar 132, so that when the bar is pushed back the detent is below thebar, and when the lever is raised the detent pushes the bar back to itsformer normal position.

Extending through the machine in the rear of the meter is a rod 87,having a screw-head 88 extending without the frame 19, and this rodextends through the elongated slots 160 in all of the disks and theirside frames. The plate 45, which is nearly circular in form, has anupward-projecting arm 124 and two inward-projecting arms 123 and 125,which meet at the center and form bearings for the shaft 44, and the arm125 also forms bearings for the stud 113. Rigidly secured to the shaftbetween the side plates 45 and 85 is an arm 133, which extends rearwardfrom theshaft 44,and has at its lower end an eye 144, through which oneend of a spiral spring 143 is fastened. The other end of the spiralspring 143 is attached to the screw 145, which is screwed within thecylinder 46, and this spiral spring 143 draws the cylinder 46 toward theright, so that it will move to the right when the lever 51 is presseddown and the finger55 raised from the rim 48.

I On the hub 44 and between the arm 133 and the plate 45 is a ratchet142, having a series of teeth, which are engaged by the pawl 129 of alever 136, which lever .136 is journaled on a stud-pin 135, as shown inFig. 13. This lever 136 is also provided with a slot 139, into which apin 140, fastened to the arm 133, extends, which pin 140 limits theupward movement of the lever 136. This lever is drawn upward by a spiralspring 141, having its upper end attached to the arm 133 and its lowerend attached to the lever. The lever has at its extreme rear end afinger 137 with a cam-shaped back, which finger is normally in contactwith the bar 132. This bar 132 extends in an opening 131 from the plate111 across the levers 112 and plate 45 and nearly to the arm 133, sothat the lug 134 ofthe arm 133 will normally rest upon its upper edge,

preventing the downward movement of the arm and the revolving of theshaft 44 and meter 64. This bar 132 is normally kept in its forwardposition by the V-shaped point 151 of the lever-bar 149, which isattached to the arm 123 of the plate 45 by screws, as shown in Fig. 12.This point 151 extends downward into the slot 131, pressing the bar 132forward, but has at its outer end the flat projection 154, which restsupon the top part of the bar 132. As one of the levers 112 is pusheddownward, the projection 128 presses against the bar 132, pushing itbackward in the slot 131, and as it is pushed backward its rear edgepushes the slanted side of the lever-bar 149 upward until the point 151rests upon its upper edge. As this bar 132 is pushed backward, the point150 of the forward lever-bar 148 falls within the forward portion oftheslot 131 and the end projection 153 of the bar 148 rests upon the upperedge of the bar 132 and holds it in its rearward position until thelever 112 returns upward, when the projection 127 pushes the lower rearside of the bar 132 forward, raising the point 150 out of the slot. 131and allowing the point151 to drop into the slot 131 rearward of the bar132. As the bar 132 is pushed rearward, the point 137 of the lever 136is released and the pawl 129 is drawn upward into contact with a toothof the ratchet 142 by contraction of the spring 141.

hen the lever 112, which is at the right and which is operated by thesecondary finger key bearing the numeral 1, is depressed by pressureupon the finger-key 31, the point 128 presses the bar 132 backward, thusreleasing the arm 133 and the shaft 44, which is immediately turned bythe coiled spring 15 in the drum 41, and the pawl 129 is thrown into theratchet 142, carrying the ratchet around'from left to right.

The ratchet 142 on the shaft 44 has its hub 169 extending through theplate 45, and carried on this hub on the other side of the plate 45 is apinion 152, having its teeth in mesh with the teeth of the gear 116, sothat when the ratchet 142 is carried around from left to right it turnsback the pinion 152 from left to right, which turns the gears 116 and114 from right to left, and the gear 114 raises the lever 112. It isthus seen that as the meter 64 turns around on its driving-shaft 44 thelever 112 is raised, and when the meter has completed its revolutionsthe lever has been nearly raised to the extreme upper movement, the lastpart of the raising movement of the lever 112 being completed by anupward-extending curved spring 156, which has its-flat portion 155attached to the base 16 by screws 157. There is one spring 156 for eachlever 112, and these springs raise the levers, so that the teeth 119areentirely thrown out of contact with the teeth 115 of the gear 114.

To operate the machine for addition, the following example is stated:Add 8003, 274, and 5903. Press down the primary key 32 of the fourthrow, which is marked with the numeral 8. Also simultaneously press downthe primary key 32 of the first row, which bears the numeral 3, (thesetwo keys are shown in dotted lines-in Fig. 1 as being pressed down,) andwhen pressed down they'should be locked by pushing their shanks 29 underthe projections 30. Then press down thesecondary key bearing thenumeral 1. The lever 112 to the right will be pushed down its extrememovement, which is only one tooth, turning the gears 114 and 116 aboutone-tenth of their distance, and the pinion 152 and ratchet 142 areturned. The projection 128 moves back the bar 132 just after the detent1.27 has cleared its extreme end, and as the bar 132 moves back thefinger 137 on the tail of the lever 136 is released, and the pawl added.

129 on its forward end is brought into locking contact with the pinion142. At the same time the pin 134 is released by the backward movementof the bar 132, which allows the spring 15 to have play, and it givespower to the shaft 44, so that this shaft 44 is turned, carrying with itthe meter 64 and also the arm 133. As the arm 133 is turned around withthe shaft 44 from left to right the pawl 129 presses against the pinion142, turning it from left to right, so that the pinion 152 turns thegears 116 and 114 back from right to left, carrying upward the teeth 119of the lever 112, and this lever 112 has its detent 127 push the bar 132back to its former forward position, so that as the arm 133 on thedriving-shaft 44 is carried around the pin 134 comes in contact with theupper part of the bar 132, and the revolving of the drivingshaft 44 isstopped. At the same time the linger 137 presses upon the bar 132 andwithdraws the pawl 129 from the ratchet 142. The driving-shaft 44 as itturns carries with it the meter 64, so that the teeth of the meter comein contact with the teeth of these two raised disks and two of thenumeratwheels would be turned, so that the meter would read 8003. Theprimary keys 32 which have been pressed down can then be releasedseparately or can be simultaneously released by pressing down the lever37, when they will return to their normal upper position. Then pressdown the pi imary keys bearing the numerals 4 of the first set, thenumeral 7 of the second set, and the numeral 2 of the third set. Thenpress down the secondary key bearing the numeral 1 and the figures 274will be added to the figures 8003, so that the meter would read 8277. Inlike manner press down the primary keys representing the figures 5903and press down the secondary key bearing the numeral 1 and the sum of14180 would show upon the meter.

\Vhen it is desired to employ the machine for multiplication, theprimary keys must first be pressed down for the multiplieand and thenthe multiplieand multiplied by the unit figure by pressing down theproper secondary key, the lever 51 then pressed down and themultiplieand multiplied by the tens figure by pressing down the propersecondary key, the lever 51 then pressed down again and the multiplieandmultiplied by the hundreds figure by pressing down the proper secondarykey, and so on. In addition it must always be remembered to press downthe lever 37 or throw back the primary keys after adding each figure tothe meter; but in multiplication the lever is not pulled down until theproduct has been obtained upon the meter. The multiplier shows upon theindicator 104, and in addition this indicator would show the number offigures in the column of figures which was The indicator 104 can bereset so that all of the naughts would show by turning the thumb-piece95 from right to left.

It is understood that my invention is not limited to the specificdetails of construction shown in the accompanying drawings, but thatsaid details may be varied in the practical carrying out of myinvention. It is also to be understood that the combinationsspecifically set forth in the several claims are intended to beseparately claimed without limitation to the use in connection therewithof other features and details of construction illustrated.

Having thus described my invention, I claim as new and desire to secureby Letters Patent- 1. In a calculating-machine, a shaft, arms extendingoutward from the shaft, a meter outside of the shaft and journaled inthe arms, and actuating means for rotating parts of the meter as themeter is revolved in acircle around the shaft.

2. In a calculating-machine, a meter, rotating means for the wheels ofthe meter, and a driving-shaft without the meter for swinging the meterin a circle around the driving-shaft and against the rotating means.

3. A calculating-meter, a series of segments having inwardly-projectingteeth arranged to be projected as desired and means for revolving themeter against the inwardly-projected teeth.

4. A calculating-meter, a series of toothed disks surrounding the meter,means for inwardly projecting a portion of each disk and means forrevolving the meter as desired and against the teeth of theinwardly-projected disks.

5. A revolving calculating-meter having a series of teeth in combinationwith a series of toothed disks and means for throwing inward the teethof the disks so that the teeth will be in meshing contact with the teethof the meter when it is revolved around the inner edge of the disks.

6. A revolving meter having a series of independently-revolvingindieator-wheels in combination with a series of disks for separatelyturning the indicator-wheels as the meter is revolved around the inneredge of the disks.

7. In a calculating-machine in combination with a shaft having anoutward-extending arm of a cylindrical meter journaled on the arm, meansfor rotating the meter around the shaft whereby the meter will beactuated.

8. In a calculating-machine, a number of series of hollow segmentshaving projections on their inner edge, a meter and means for revolvingthe meter within the segments and against the projections.

9. In combination with the frame of a calculating-machine of a series ofdisks within the frame, linger-keys extending without the frameconnected with the disks for inwardly projecting a portion of the disks,a drivingshaft, an indicator Without the shaft, an arm connecting the'indicator and shaft, means for operating the driving-shaft and rotatingthe meter, substantially as-shown and described. I 10. In acalculating-machine, in combination, acasing, a plurality of diskswithin the casing each of which is provided on its inner edge with oneor more teeth and a fingerkey without the casing for inwardly projectingthe teeth on the disk, a driving-shaft, arms carried by the shaft, ashaft journaled in the arms, indicator-wheels rotating upon the shaftand means for operating the driving-shaft and revolving the wheelsaround the inner edge of the disks so that one or more of the wheelswill be rotated by the teeth.

11. In a calculating-machine having several series of toothed disks, ofside walls inclosing' each series, a meter having an indicator-wheel foreach series of disks, means for revolving the meter and its shaft aroundthe inner edges of the disks, and a finger connected with each diskwhereby the teeth of that disk may be projected inwardly in meshingcontact with one of the wheels as the meter is revolved.

12. In a calculating-machine having several series of toothed disks, ofside walls inclosing each series, rods for each series extending fromone side wall to the opposite side wall and through the disks forlimiting the inward movement of the disks, a lever for operating eachdisk, indicator-wheels and means for revolving the wheels against theoperated disks.

13. In a calculating-machine, a drivingshaft, means for operating thedriving-shaft, arms carried by the driving-shaft, a shaft carried by thearms, indicator-wheels upon the shaft, means for turning the wheels whenthe driving-shaft is rotated, a revolving meter above theindicator-wheels operable by one of the arms, substantially as shown anddescribed.

14. In a calculating-machine, a series of disks having teeth on theirinner edge, a shaft, means for rotating the shaft, a cylinder slidableupon and keyed to the shaft, arms carried by the cylinder, anindicating-meter provided with teeth journ'aled in the arms, and meansfor inclining the disks to bring their teeth in driving contact with theteeth of the meter.

15. In a calculating-machine, a series of disks, a series of primarykeys for operating the disks, a rotatable meter, means for rotating themeter against the operated disks, a series of levers for limiting themovement of the meter, and a series of secondary keys for operating thelevers.

16. In a calculating-machine, a rotatable shaft, arms carried on theshaft, a meter journaled in the arms, one of the arms having a fingerprojecting above the meter, indicatorwheels journaled above and to oneside of the meter and operated by the finger, and a series of levers forlimiting the rotations of the s iaft.

17. A calculating-machine having arotatzv ble shaft, a cylinder slidableupon and turning with the shaft, arms carried by the cylinder, a meterjournaled'in the arms, means for revolving the wheels of the meter, aspring for sliding the cylinder upon the shaft, and means for limitingthe movement of the cylinder.

18. In a calculating-machine havinga framework, a series of tootheddisks within the frame, a series of finger-keys without the frame foroperating the disks, a driving-shaft centered within the disks, armsextending outward from the shaft, a meter journaled on the arms andarranged to be brought in contact With the operated disks asit isrevolved around the inner edge of the disks by the driving-shaft.

19. A calculating-machine having a casing provided with notched slots, ameter, toothed disks within the casing having shanks extending throughthe slots to be engaged by the notches when the disks are drawn out ofnormal position to be brought in contact with the revolving meter. 20. Acalculating-machine having a series of curved racks, means for movingthe racks out of normal position, ashaft, a meter, means for swingingthe meter upon the shaft and against the teeth of the racks when out ofnormal position and a hood covering the front of the meter.

21. Ina calculating-machine a framework having a front cover providedwith a notched slot, a revolving meter, disks for turning the wheels ofthe meter and provided with arms projecting through the slot and held bythe notches when the disks are in operable position for themeter, andmeans for moving the cover and simultaneously releasing all of the armsfrom the notches.

22. In a calculating-machine a framework having a cover provided withnotched slots, a swinging rotatable meter, a series of disks for eachwheel of the meter, shanks for each series of disks extending throughone of the slots and each shank held by one of the notches when pusheddown to bring a portion of the disk in traveling contact with the meter,means for withdrawing the notches from the shanks, and springs forreturning the disks to their normal position.

23. A calculating-machine having a meter swinging on a driving-shaftfrom left to right, means for revolving the shaft, indicatingwheels onthe meter and means for turning them from right to left, an indicatorabove the meter and having one of its wheels revolved from right to leftby the meter each time the meter is swung around on its shaft,substantially for the purposes described.

Y 24. A calculating-machine having a meter, means for revolving themeter from left to right around an outside shaft, means for retating theseparate wheels of the meter from right to left, a series of levers forlimiting the revolutions of the meter, linger-keys for operating thelevers and means whereby the operated lever will be returned to initialposition as the meter is revolved.

25. in a calculating-machine having a shaft and means for driving theshaft of a carriage slidably keyed upon the shaft, a number of series ofdisks, a meter having indicating-wheels operable by the disks, means forlimiting the longitudinal movement of the carriage whereby theindicator-wheels of the meter may be brought in contact with disks of alower denominational value to obtain results in multiplication,substantially as shown and described.

26. In a calculating-machine a recordingmeter, disks surrounding themeter, means for swinging the meter in contact with a portion of thedisks, a series of levers of ditlerent denominational value for limitingthemovements of the meter, and an indicator for indicating the leversoperated.

27. In a calculating-machine a casing, a horizontal driving-shaft, apower-wheel for revolving the shaft, gears connecting the powerwheel andshaft, a meter swung upon the shaft and revolved with it around theinner edge of the casing, curved racks within the casing having teethwhen out of normal position met by the meter when the shaft is revolved,and means for normally holding the meter out of contact with the racks.

28. A calculating-machine having live sets of curved toothed racks, eachset comprising nine racks having linger-keys of different values, ameter consisting of nine indicatingwheels swung upon a revoluble shaftand means for bringing the wheels that are nor mall y out of contactwith the racks in contact with the racks, substantially as shown anddescribed.

29. In a calculatinganachine a spring-actuated driving-shaft, a meterrotated by the shaft around its periphery, hollow toothed segments,means for throwing the segments in pedal contact with the wheels of themeter, depressing-levers for limiting the movement of the shaft, and aratchet and pawl for returning the levers to initial position.

30. In a calculating-machine a spring-actuated driving-shaft, a meterswung from and revolving with the shaft, means for turning the wheels ofthe meter when revolved, a series of levers, each lever provided with aslotted portion and having teeth projecting into the opening, agear-wheel extending through the openings having its teeth meshing withthe teeth of the levers as they are operated and means connecting thegear-wheel and d rivingshaft, substantially as shown and described.

31. In a calculating-machine, a spring-actuated driving-shaft, a meterswung from and revolving with the shaft, an arm extending from theshaft, a pin projecting from the arm, a rod supporting the pin and arm,aseries of levers provided with a slot through which extends the rod,and fingers upon the levers for moving the rod out of contact with thepin, substantially as shown.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

EMORY S. ENSIGN.

\Vitnesses:

CHARLES F. A. SMITH, MARTHA E. Goonmeq

